• Dear Alexander:
    At first glance, ultra-low energy neutron reactions (LENRs) might seem to be light years away from chemistry and biological systems. In fact, they may have surprisingly deep connections to chemical and enzymatic catalysis that you seem to find quite intriguing.

    As explained in our papers published in peer-reviewed academic physics journals such as The European Physical Journal C – Particles and Fields (2006) and Pramana

    LENRs are star-like, neutron-induced nuclear transmutations that produce heavier stable elements from neutron captures on lighter ones while releasing abundant quantities of clean heat during the process.

    Unlike stars, fusion, and fission reactors, LENRs are truly ‘green’ —- they do not emit any deadly MeV-energy neutron or gamma radiation or produce troublesome long-lived radioactive wastes and are virtually impossible to weaponize; all of this is fully explained by our theory.

    Vastly different from charged-particle nuclear fusion processes that occur in stars and the ITER D-T fusion reactor being built in France, LENRs can be triggered under mild macroscopic conditions; e.g. at as little as room temperature and atmospheric pressure. This enzyme-like feat is possible with electroweak nuclear catalysis which creates ultralow-energy neutrons directly from electrons and protons (hydrogen) via many-body collective quantum effects in an electroweak reaction: e + p  n + νe.

    Importantly, femtosecond-scale charge/electron transfer dynamics, intense electric fields, and mesoscopic quantum entanglement are all very important for LENR phenomena in condensed matter. Amazingly, LENRs can sometimes also work in parallel with prosaic chemical processes in nanoscale regions where the Born-Oppenheimer approximation locally breaks down … I will explain.

    With LENRs, normally immutable boundaries that create a huge energetic gulf between chemical and nuclear realms blur and even overlap in tiny nm- to micron-scale active sites with extremely high electric fields that are created on certain types of surfaces, e.g. fully loaded metallic hydrides, on hydrogenated aromatic rings, and protonated graphene (graphane – a two dimensional hydrocarbon).

    Within that context, a recent public Lattice document discusses surprising similarities between the operation of micron-scale active sites in condensed matter LENRs and those of biological enzyme proteins. It turns-out that radiation-free electroweak nuclear catalysis and enzymatic chemical catalysis are not as distant from each other as one might naively assume.

    Ultrahigh local electric fields: surprising similarities between LENR active sites and enzymatic biocatalysis”
    L. Larsen, Lattice Energy LLC, March 20, 2015 [101 PowerPoint slides]

    Synopsis: Fried et al.’s recent stunning experimental results (“Extreme electric fields power catalysis in the active site of ketosteroid isomerase”, Science 346 pp. 1510 – 1514, Dec. 19, 2014) revealed that a structurally and compositionally complex Carbon-based isomerase enzyme protein employs a combination of very high local electric fields and quantum entanglement of particles in active sites to achieve enormous increases in chemical reaction rates. Much simpler, abiotic LENR many-body active sites comprising Q-M entangled protons and electrons achieve even more prodigious catalytic increases in rates of neutron-producing electroweak reactions using exactly the same effects. A notable difference between them lies in field-strengths needed in active sites: the enzyme uses electric fields averaging ~1.4 × 1010 V/m. LENRs use sub-femtosecond pulses > 2.5 × 1011 V/m to collectively create neutrons with ultra-long DeBroglie wavelengths and consequently huge local capture cross-sections.

    It has thus become apparent to our company that deep technical knowledge about details of LENR electroweak catalysis can potentially provide valuable insights into the operation of both enzymatic and abiotic chemical catalysis. There is thus an opportunity to exploit new types of conceptual insights to help increase performance and reduce costs for a broad range of industrial process catalysts.

    LENRs can also occur naturally in crustal rocks and soils; please see:

    “Implications of LENRs and mobile + charge carriers in Earth’s crust for seismicity, terrestrial nucleosynthesis, and the Deep Biosphere: paradigm shifts in geophysics, geochemistry, and biology”
    L. Larsen, Lattice Energy LLC, December 22, 2014 [102 MS-PowerPoint slides]

    Synopsis: Freund p-holes provide a new type of electronic mechanism for transferring and dissipating energy in Earth’s upper crust besides well-known mechano-acoustic seismic P- and S-wave processes – this is a conceptual paradigm shift in geophysical thinking. Many-body collective quasiparticle p-holes can also power remarkable electric bacteria living in soils, sediments, and the crust that could potentially be engaging in LENR neutron-catalyzed nucleosynthesis (transmutation of elements).

    Altogether, abiotic and biological LENR processes create stable elemental products and isotopic shifts that are manifested and can be measured over both short and geological time periods with sensitive mass spectroscopy analysis. The formerly heretical possibility of natural neutron-induced nuclear transmutations in planetary environments represents a paradigm shift in astrophysical thinking. Importantly, there is a significant body of published experimental data that supports this hypothesis.

    So-called “electric bacteria” living on or near surfaces-interfaces in rocks or soils that are subjected to inbound trains of arriving p-holes can readily harvest electricity from p-hole-driven local pulsed electric fields indirectly (and safely) by Faraday’s Law induction of electrical currents in multi-species webs of bacterial nanowires http://tinyurl.com/lsray7g . Electronic energy in the pulsed currents is then rapidly dispersed and shared collectively amongst interconnected networks of electrically powered bacteria.

    LENR-capable electric bacteria may be living in some crustal petroleum reservoirs, which could conceivably also help contribute to measurable shifts in H/D and C-12/C-13 isotopic ratios in reservoir hydrocarbons over geological time spans.

    Radiation-free LENR processes have been shown to occur naturally at extremely low rates above our heads inside ordinary lightning discharges (see paper by Russians: A. Gurevich et al., Phys Rev Lett 108 pp. 125001 – 2012) and yes —- even in catalytic converters of cars and trucks during normal operation Статья .

    They are quietly happening all around us but went unrecognized by legions of scientists for over 100 years because readily detected MeV-energy hard radiation emissions are totally absent. For example, Albert Einstein himself unknowingly had a brief, astounding encounter with LENRs back in 1951; please see:

    “Einstein’s Lost Hypothesis: Is a third-act twist to nuclear energy at hand?”
    Source URL for online excerpt from article
    By Mark Anderson
    Nautilus magazine, pp. 21 – 29 Winter 2013-14 issue Nov. 28, 2013 [attached pdf copy of 8-page article]

    Questions are welcome.

    Thank you.

    Best regards,

    Lew
    —
    Lewis Larsen
    President and CEO
    Lattice Energy LLC
    Chicago, IL USA
    1-312-861-0115

    Опубликовано

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