• 1. ВЛИЯНИЕ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ТЛЕЮЩЕГО РАЗРЯДА НА ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ СТРУКТУРЫ И ИЗОТОПНОГО СОСТАВА КАТОДНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ
    И.Б.САВВАТИМОВА, Д.В ГАВРИТЕНКОВ
    ФГУП «НИИ НПО «ЛУЧ»
    isavvatim@mail.ru

    Представлены результаты исследований изменений структуры, элементного и изотопного состава катодов в плазме тлеющего разряда, инициированного в водороде, дейтерии, аргоне, ксеноне при напряжении разряда меньше 1000 вольт и токе 5-150 мА. Образцы до и после облучения ионами в тлеющем разряде исследовали методами масс-спектрометрии: вторичной ионной (ВИМС), вторичной ионной с дополнительной ионизацией нейтральных распылённых частиц (ВИНМС), искровой (ИМС) и термо-ионизационной (ТИМС), а также методами энерго – дисперсионного рентгеноспектрального анализа (ЭДРА). Для радиоактивных урановых образцов изучали альфа-, бета-, гамма- эмиссию и проводили гамма – спектрометрию до и после экспериментов в тлеющем разряде.

    2. Nuclear product ratio for glow discharge in deuterium

    A.B. Karabut, Ya.R. Kucherov and I.B. Savvatimova
    Scientific Industrial Association LUTCH, 24 Zheleznodorozhajz Street, 142100 Podolsk, Moscow Region, Russian Federation

    Received 24 September 1992; accepted for publication 28 September 1992
    Communicated by J.P. Viger

    New results for glow discharge in deuterium calorimetry are presented. In separate experiments a heat output five times exceedling the input electric power was observed. The result for charged particle spectrum measurement is presented. Charged particles with energies up to 18 MeV and an average energy of 2-4 MeV were seen. Beams of gamma-rays with energies of about 200 keV and a characteristic X-ray radiation were registered. The summed energy of the registered products is three orders short of the values needed to explain the calorimetric results.

    3. THE INVESTIGATION OF DEUTERIUM NUCLEI FUSION AT GLOW DISCHARGE CATHODE

    A.B. Karabut, Ya.R. Kucherov, I.B. Savvatimova
    Sciebtific Industrial Association “Lutch”
    Podolsk, Moscow Region, 142100, USSR
    ABSTRACT
    The possibility of the nuclear reaction at a glow discharge device cathode during the low energy deuterium ions bombardment is investigated. Neutron and gamma spectra are measured. Neutrons with energy up to 17 Mev are detected. Neutron groups (2,45 Mev and 14 Mev) intensity ratio shows anomalous type of nuclear reaction. The formation of radioactive isotopes at different electrode materials is discovered. A deviation from radioactive decay law is found for some gamma-lines.

    4. Transmutation Phenomena in the Palladium Cathode after Ions Irradiation at the Glow Discharge

    Savvatimova I.B., Senchukov A. D. SIA “Lutch”, 142100, Russia, Podolsk, Moscow Region, Zheleznodoroznaya St., 24 Chernov I.P. Polytechnic University, Russia, Tomsk.

    Abstract It was shown that the change of impurity elemental and isotopic composition after irradiation of the Pd cathode by glow discharge plasma ions depends on the structure of the cathode material, contents of the working environment, ion flux density and the location of the analyzed layer relative to the surface. Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) and microprobe x-ray analysis (EDS) were used. The largest change of isotope ratio on the Pd cathode in comparison with a natural abundance appeared after irradiation with xenon and argon ions. The 104Pd concentration increased two times in comparison with protium irradiation. The dependence of the ratio of impurity elements and concentration upon the type of irradiating ions has been found. But a group of a certain impurity repeated after irradiation under similar condition by H, D, Xe + Ar ions. Elements such as Cl, P, Sc, Ti, V, Br, Ge, As, Kr, Sr, Y, Cd, In, Xe were observed. The quantity of additional impurity elements after ion irradiation decreased in the following order: D, H, Xe + Ar. The maximum increase of impurities qualitatively correlated with the maximum in excess heat during of ion irradiation of palladium cathodes in a glow discharge.

    5. CATHODE MATERIAL CHANGE AFTER DEUTERIUM GLOW DISCHARGE EXPERIMENTS
    I.B. SAWATIMOVA, Ya.R. KUCHEROV, A.B. KARABUT
    Scientific Industrial Association “Luch” 24 Zhelesnodorozhnava St., 142100 Podolsk, Moscow Region, Russian Federation (095)-137-98-76

    Abstract
    Results of impurity concentration measurements in a palladium cathode by different methods before and after deuterium glow discharge experiments are presented. The concentration of some impurities increases up to 104 times. Elements appear which cannot be found in the discharge environment. Autoradiography of cathode samples shows that isotopes with different radiation energy (less 20 keV and more 100 keV) exist in the cathode after experiment. The obtained results cannot be explained by the existence of a conventional fusion reaction, but may be explained by a more complex fusion-fission reaction.

    6. ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ РАДИОАКТИВНОСТИ УРАНА ПОСЛЕ ОБЛУЧЕНИЯ В ВОДОРОДНОЙ ПЛАЗМЕ ТЛЕЮЩЕГО РАЗРЯДА

    Ирина Савватимова*, Джон Дэш**, Стефан Франц***
    *ФГУП «Луч», Подольск, Московская область, Россия,
    **Лаборатория низкоэнергетических ядерных реакций, Портланд, Орегон, США
    ***Рид колледж реактор, Орегон, США

    АННОТАЦИЯ
    Фольги урана после облучения в водородной плазме тлеющего разряда на катоде установки тлеющего разряда показали изменение альфа в ~2-4.5 раз, бета и гамма активности от 10 до 60 % в зависимости от условий эксперимента. Обнаружено уменьшение содержания урана на ~1,20.3% и увеличение количества тория. По данным гамма спектрометрии показано изменение соотношения основных пиков урана и его дочерних элементов, свидетельствующее об увеличении количества дочерних элементов и интенсификации процессов распада в процессе облучения низкоэнергетическими ионами.

    7. EFFECTS OF GLOW DISCHARGE WITH HYDROGEN ISOTOPE PLASMAS ON RADIOACTIVITY OF URANIUM

    J. Dash, I. Savvatimova*, S. Frantz , and E. Weis
    Low Energy Nuclear Laboratory, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207, U.S.A

    • “Lutch”, Podolsk, Moscow Region, Russia
    • * Reed College Reactor , Portland, OR 97202, U.S.A.

    ABSTRACT

    Uranium foils were attached to the cathode of a glow discharge apparatus. A plasma of either hydrogen or deuterium ions was used to bombard the uranium. The rates of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation emissions were significantly greater for the bombarded uranium than for the original material. The intensities of uranium characteristic x-rays were less for samples exposed to the hydrogen isotope plasmas, compared with the control. Thermal ionization mass spectrometer analyses performed about 18 months after the glow discharge experiments showed that the exposed samples all contained about 1% less uranium than the control. This suggests that the half life of uranium has been reduced significantly.

    8. INFLUENCE OF PARAMETERS OF THE GLOW DISCHARGE ON CHANGE OF STRUCTURE AND THE ISOTOPE COMPOSITION OF THE CATHODE MATERIALS
    I.B. SAVVATIMOVA AND D.V. GAVRITENKOV
    Federal State Unitarian Enterprise Scientific Research Institute “Luch”,
    Zheleznodorozhnaya, 24 Podolsk, Moscow region 142116, Russia
    E-mail: U10492@dialup.podolsk.ru
    Results of examinations of changes in structure, element, and isotope composition
    of cathodes after the glow discharge exposure in hydrogen, deuterium, argon, and
    xenon are submitted. The voltage of the discharge was less than 1000 V and the
    current was 5–150 mA. Samples before and after ions bombardment in the glow
    discharge were explored by the methods of mass spectrometry: the secondary ions
    (SIMS), the secondary ions with additional ionization of neutral sprayed particles
    (SNMS), spark (SMS), and thermo-ionization (TIMS), and also methods of energy
    dispersion X-ray spectral analysis (EDX). The alpha-, beta-, gamma- emission,
    and gamma- spectrometry for radioactive uranium specimens were also carried
    out before and after experiments in the glow discharge. Changes in structure, isotope,
    and element composition of the cathode samples depend on current density,
    integrated ions flow (fluence of ions), kind of irradiating ions and other experimental
    conditions. Attempts are made to estimate qualitatively and quantitatively
    the role of each of the parameters on intensity of the observed changes in cathode
    composition. It is shown that the maximum changes in structure, chemical and
    isotope composition of the cathode material occur in “hot points,” such as craters
    from microexplosions, phase segregations, blisters and other new formations. Various
    methods of the analysis revealed that the basic elements Mg, O, Si, Al, and
    Ca with quantities up to per cents and more were prevailing in these zones and
    not found out before experiment. The greatest changes of the isotope relations
    were observed for iron, calcium, silicon, chromium after experiments with pulsing
    current. EDX method finds out the elements missing in the samples before experiment
    such as cadmium, strontium, tin. The isotopes with mass number 59
    (Co 100%), 55 (Mn 100%), 45 (Sc 100%) are also not found in initial samples and
    background measurement by TIMS method. Results of changes in the element
    and isotope composition, which are found by various methods of the analysis, are
    compared with possible reactions of fusion-fission. It is noted that under different
    experimental conditions on various cathode materials similar groups of prevailing
    elements are find by various methods of the analysis.

    И.Б. Савватимова “Transmutation of Elements in Low-energy Glow Discharge and the Associated Processes”
    Статья

    Опубликовано

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